The low-degree cohomology of a k-linear G-representation #
Let k be a commutative ring and G a group. This file gives simple expressions for
the group cohomology of a k-linear G-representation A in degrees 0, 1 and 2.
In RepresentationTheory.GroupCohomology.Basic, we define the nth group cohomology of A to be
the cohomology of a complex inhomogeneousCochains A, whose objects are (Fin n → G) → A; this is
unnecessarily unwieldy in low degree. Moreover, cohomology of a complex is defined as an abstract
cokernel, whereas the definitions here are explicit quotients of cocycles by coboundaries.
We also show that when the representation on A is trivial, H¹(G, A) ≃ Hom(G, A).
Given an additive or multiplicative abelian group A with an appropriate scalar action of G,
we provide support for turning a function f : G → A satisfying the 1-cocycle identity into an
element of the oneCocycles of the representation on A (or Additive A) corresponding to the
scalar action. We also do this for 1-coboundaries, 2-cocycles and 2-coboundaries. The
multiplicative case, starting with the section IsMulCocycle, just mirrors the additive case;
unfortunately @[to_additive] can't deal with scalar actions.
The file also contains an identification between the definitions in
RepresentationTheory.GroupCohomology.Basic, groupCohomology.cocycles A n and
groupCohomology A n, and the nCocycles and Hn A in this file, for n = 0, 1, 2.
Main definitions #
groupCohomology.H0 A: the invariantsAᴳof theG-representation onA.groupCohomology.H1 A: 1-cocycles (i.e.Z¹(G, A) := Ker(d¹ : Fun(G, A) → Fun(G², A)) modulo 1-coboundaries (i.e.B¹(G, A) := Im(d⁰: A → Fun(G, A))).groupCohomology.H2 A: 2-cocycles (i.e.Z²(G, A) := Ker(d² : Fun(G², A) → Fun(G³, A)) modulo 2-coboundaries (i.e.B²(G, A) := Im(d¹: Fun(G, A) → Fun(G², A))).groupCohomology.H1LequivOfIsTrivial: the isomorphismH¹(G, A) ≃ Hom(G, A)when the representation onAis trivial.groupCohomology.isoHnforn = 0, 1, 2: an isomorphismgroupCohomology A n ≅ groupCohomology.Hn A.
TODO #
- The relationship between
H2and group extensions - The inflation-restriction exact sequence
- Nonabelian group cohomology
The 0th object in the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G is isomorphic
to A as a k-module.
Equations
- groupCohomology.zeroCochainsLequiv A = LinearEquiv.funUnique (Fin 0 → G) k ↑A.V
Instances For
The 1st object in the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G is isomorphic
to Fun(G, A) as a k-module.
Equations
- groupCohomology.oneCochainsLequiv A = LinearEquiv.funCongrLeft k (↑A.V) (Equiv.funUnique (Fin 1) G).symm
Instances For
The 2nd object in the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G is isomorphic
to Fun(G², A) as a k-module.
Equations
- groupCohomology.twoCochainsLequiv A = LinearEquiv.funCongrLeft k (↑A.V) (piFinTwoEquiv fun (x : Fin 2) => G).symm
Instances For
The 2nd differential in the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G, as a
k-linear map Fun(G × G, A) → Fun(G × G × G, A). It sends
(f, (g₁, g₂, g₃)) ↦ ρ_A(g₁)(f(g₂, g₃)) - f(g₁g₂, g₃) + f(g₁, g₂g₃) - f(g₁, g₂).
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Let C(G, A) denote the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G. This lemma
says dZero gives a simpler expression for the 0th differential: that is, the following
square commutes:
C⁰(G, A) ---d⁰---> C¹(G, A)
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v v
A ---- dZero ---> Fun(G, A)
where the vertical arrows are zeroCochainsLequiv and oneCochainsLequiv respectively.
Let C(G, A) denote the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G. This lemma
says dOne gives a simpler expression for the 1st differential: that is, the following
square commutes:
C¹(G, A) ---d¹-----> C²(G, A)
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v v
Fun(G, A) -dOne-> Fun(G × G, A)
where the vertical arrows are oneCochainsLequiv and twoCochainsLequiv respectively.
Let C(G, A) denote the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A : Rep k G. This lemma
says dTwo gives a simpler expression for the 2nd differential: that is, the following
square commutes:
C²(G, A) -------d²-----> C³(G, A)
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v v
Fun(G × G, A) --dTwo--> Fun(G × G × G, A)
where the vertical arrows are twoCochainsLequiv and threeCochainsLequiv respectively.
The (exact) short complex A.ρ.invariants ⟶ A ⟶ (G → A).
Equations
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The short complex A --dZero--> Fun(G, A) --dOne--> Fun(G × G, A).
Equations
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The short complex Fun(G, A) --dOne--> Fun(G × G, A) --dTwo--> Fun(G × G × G, A).
Equations
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The 2-cocycles Z²(G, A) of A : Rep k G, defined as the kernel of the map
Fun(G × G, A) → Fun(G × G × G, A) sending
(f, (g₁, g₂, g₃)) ↦ ρ_A(g₁)(f(g₂, g₃)) - f(g₁g₂, g₃) + f(g₁, g₂g₃) - f(g₁, g₂).
Equations
Instances For
Equations
- groupCohomology.instFunLikeSubtypeForallCarrierVModuleCatMemSubmoduleOneCocycles = { coe := Subtype.val, coe_injective' := ⋯ }
When A : Rep k G is a trivial representation of G, Z¹(G, A) is isomorphic to the
group homs G → A.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Equations
- groupCohomology.instFunLikeSubtypeForallProdCarrierVModuleCatMemSubmoduleTwoCocycles = { coe := Subtype.val, coe_injective' := ⋯ }
Equations
- groupCohomology.instFunLikeSubtypeForallCarrierVModuleCatMemSubmoduleOneCoboundaries = { coe := Subtype.val, coe_injective' := ⋯ }
Natural inclusion B¹(G, A) →ₗ[k] Z¹(G, A).
Instances For
Equations
- groupCohomology.instFunLikeSubtypeForallProdCarrierVModuleCatMemSubmoduleTwoCoboundaries = { coe := Subtype.val, coe_injective' := ⋯ }
Natural inclusion B²(G, A) →ₗ[k] Z²(G, A).
Instances For
A function f : G → A satisfies the 1-cocycle condition if
f(gh) = g • f(h) + f(g) for all g, h : G.
Instances For
A function f : G × G → A satisfies the 2-cocycle condition if
f(gh, j) + f(g, h) = g • f(h, j) + f(g, hj) for all g, h : G.
Equations
Instances For
A function f : G → A satisfies the 1-coboundary condition if there's x : A such that
g • x - x = f(g) for all g : G.
Equations
- groupCohomology.IsOneCoboundary f = ∃ (x : A), ∀ (g : G), g • x - x = f g
Instances For
A function f : G × G → A satisfies the 2-coboundary condition if there's x : G → A such
that g • x(h) - x(gh) + x(g) = f(g, h) for all g, h : G.
Equations
Instances For
Given a k-module A with a compatible DistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G → A satisfying the 1-cocycle condition, produces a 1-cocycle for the representation on
A induced by the DistribMulAction.
Equations
- groupCohomology.oneCocyclesOfIsOneCocycle hf = ⟨f, ⋯⟩
Instances For
Given a k-module A with a compatible DistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G → A satisfying the 1-coboundary condition, produces a 1-coboundary for the representation
on A induced by the DistribMulAction.
Equations
Instances For
Given a k-module A with a compatible DistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G × G → A satisfying the 2-cocycle condition, produces a 2-cocycle for the representation on
A induced by the DistribMulAction.
Equations
- groupCohomology.twoCocyclesOfIsTwoCocycle hf = ⟨f, ⋯⟩
Instances For
Given a k-module A with a compatible DistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G × G → A satisfying the 2-coboundary condition, produces a 2-coboundary for the
representation on A induced by the DistribMulAction.
Equations
Instances For
The next few sections, until the section Cohomology, are a multiplicative copy of the
previous few sections beginning with IsCocycle. Unfortunately @[to_additive] doesn't work with
scalar actions.
A function f : G → M satisfies the multiplicative 1-coboundary condition if there's x : M
such that g • x / x = f(g) for all g : G.
Equations
- groupCohomology.IsMulOneCoboundary f = ∃ (x : M), ∀ (g : G), g • x / x = f g
Instances For
Given an abelian group M with a MulDistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G → M satisfying the multiplicative 1-cocycle condition, produces a 1-cocycle for the
representation on Additive M induced by the MulDistribMulAction.
Equations
Instances For
Given an abelian group M with a MulDistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G → M satisfying the multiplicative 1-coboundary condition, produces a
1-coboundary for the representation on Additive M induced by the MulDistribMulAction.
Equations
Instances For
Given an abelian group M with a MulDistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G × G → M satisfying the multiplicative 2-cocycle condition, produces a 2-cocycle for the
representation on Additive M induced by the MulDistribMulAction.
Equations
Instances For
Given an abelian group M with a MulDistribMulAction of G, and a function
f : G × G → M satisfying the multiplicative 2-coboundary condition, produces a
2-coboundary for the representation on M induced by the MulDistribMulAction.
Equations
Instances For
We define the 0th group cohomology of a k-linear G-representation A, H⁰(G, A), to be
the invariants of the representation, Aᴳ.
Equations
- groupCohomology.H0 A = ModuleCat.of k ↥A.ρ.invariants
Instances For
We define the 1st group cohomology of a k-linear G-representation A, H¹(G, A), to be
1-cocycles (i.e. Z¹(G, A) := Ker(d¹ : Fun(G, A) → Fun(G², A)) modulo 1-coboundaries
(i.e. B¹(G, A) := Im(d⁰: A → Fun(G, A))).
Equations
Instances For
The quotient map Z¹(G, A) → H¹(G, A).
Equations
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We define the 2nd group cohomology of a k-linear G-representation A, H²(G, A), to be
2-cocycles (i.e. Z²(G, A) := Ker(d² : Fun(G², A) → Fun(G³, A)) modulo 2-coboundaries
(i.e. B²(G, A) := Im(d¹: Fun(G, A) → Fun(G², A))).
Equations
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The quotient map Z²(G, A) → H²(G, A).
Equations
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The arrow A --dZero--> Fun(G, A) is isomorphic to the differential
(inhomogeneousCochains A).d 0 1 of the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A.
Equations
Instances For
The 0-cocycles of the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A are isomorphic to
A.ρ.invariants, which is a simpler type.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The 0th group cohomology of A, defined as the 0th cohomology of the complex of inhomogeneous
cochains, is isomorphic to the invariants of the representation on A.
Equations
Instances For
The short complex A --dZero--> Fun(G, A) --dOne--> Fun(G × G, A) is isomorphic to the 1st
short complex associated to the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The 1-cocycles of the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A are isomorphic to
oneCocycles A, which is a simpler type.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The 1st group cohomology of A, defined as the 1st cohomology of the complex of inhomogeneous
cochains, is isomorphic to oneCocycles A ⧸ oneCoboundaries A, which is a simpler type.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The short complex Fun(G, A) --dOne--> Fun(G × G, A) --dTwo--> Fun(G × G × G, A) is
isomorphic to the 2nd short complex associated to the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The 2-cocycles of the complex of inhomogeneous cochains of A are isomorphic to
twoCocycles A, which is a simpler type.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The 2nd group cohomology of A, defined as the 2nd cohomology of the complex of inhomogeneous
cochains, is isomorphic to twoCocycles A ⧸ twoCoboundaries A, which is a simpler type.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.